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The parties were married on 14 July 1995 and had four children. Before the Padang Religious Court (lower court), the cassation respondent had filed for divorce from the cassation applicant, having alleged that the cassation applicant, since October 2011, had been an irresponsible husband, never providing the cassation respondent with any spending money. Moreover, since 2008, the cassation applicant had not provided the cassation respondent with any emotional support, leaving her in a distressed state.

The cassation applicant had incorrectly accused the cassation respondent of having had an extra-marital affair, while often becoming angry for no apparent reason, as well as denigrating her character to members of her family, causing the cassation respondent's family to often blame her if something went wrong. According to the cassation respondent's older sibling, the cassation applicant would also often threaten their children saying he would not allow them to see the cassation respondent. When the cassation applicant left the matrimonial home, he took the parties' children with him.

The lower court had granted the cassation respondent an irrevocable divorce (thalak satu bain sughra), but granted the cassation applicant custody of the parties' children. On appeal, the Padang High Religious Court had affirmed the cassation respondent's irrevocable divorce (thalak satu bain sughra), but granted her custody of the parties' four children.

The cassation applicant appealed to the Supreme Court on the grounds that the Padang High Religious Court had not given sufficient consideration to the facts of the case, but had simply based its decision on art 105 of the Compilation of Islamic Laws. Finding the decision of the Padang Religious High Court not to contain any incorrect applications of the law, the Supreme Court, pursuant to art 30 of Law No. 14 of 1985 on the Supreme Court, as amended by Law No. 5 of 2004 and Law No. 3 of 2009, dismissed the appeal.

The parties were married on 18 September 2005. The plaintiff submitted, however, that only a few months after she and the defendant had married, she received a telephone call from a woman calling herself Ciah, claiming to have secretly married (nikah siri) the defendant and being five-months pregnant with the defendant's child. From thereon, this became a point of contention between the parties, despite the defendant never validating the claims made by this other woman.

The plaintiff alleged that other causes of tension between the parties included:

1. the defendant often being angry with the plaintiff for no apparent reason;
2. the defendant never contributing financially to the parties' domestic needs, thereby making the plaintiff assume he was spending his salary on his other wife;
3. the plaintiff and defendant having been separated since the end of 2013;
4. since the beginning of 2011, the defendant having not executed his spousal responsibilities vis-a-vis the plaintiff; and
5. notably, frequent quarrelling between the parties causing the plaintiff to want to move to Bireuen for work, but not being granted permission to do so by the defendant, the dispute escalating to the point that the defendant hit the plaintiff, causing her to seek medical treatment for facial bruising.

The plaintiff also claimed that, from January 2011-present, the defendant had failed to provide her with financial and emotional support. The plaintiff quantified the financial support she believed the defendant owed her at IDR 2 million per month for 41 months (IDR 82 million). The plaintiff also submitted that the defendant had failed to provide her with a true dowry (mahar) at the time of their marriage. Rather, the defendant had borrowed five grams of pure gold from the plaintiff's parents, which he had returned after they were married, vowing to the plaintiff that he would one day give to her five grams of pure gold, or the cash equivalent thereof. The defendant, the plaintiff submitted, never upheld that promise.

The court acknowledged that the plaintiff had appropriately sought and obtained a letter of permission from her superior officer to divorce the defendant, and that the defendant's objection to that letter was irrelevant insofar as the court was unauthorised to intervene in the affairs of a government agency. The court also noted that the parties had sought to reconcile their differences via mediation, but to no avail.

The court acceded to the plaintiff's application for an irrevocable divorce (talak ba'in shughra), acknowledging that the purpose of marriage, as envisaged in art 1 of Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage, and surat Al-rum verse 21, being a peaceful, hopeful and loving (sakinah, mawaddah dan rahmah) homelife was no longer feasible. Moreover, that ongoing conflict between the parties was sufficient reason to grant a divorce, pursuant to art 39(2) of Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage, art 19(f) of Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975, and art 116(f) of the Compilation of Islamic Laws. The court, however, dismissed the plaintiff's claim for back-payment maintenance costs (IDR 82 million), noting that the plaintiff, like the defendant, worked as a civil servant, who would had to have first obtained the defendant's permission to work. The court noted that if one of the plaintiff's reasons for wanting to divorce the defendant was due to a lack of financial support, to then demand money from the defendant would contradict her claim.

The couple had already divorced on 27 April 2010 before the Banda Aceh Shari'a Court (Decision No. 01/Pdt.G/2010/MS-BNA). That decision had, however, only finalised the parties' divorce, as well as custody of their children. It had not determined the division of their joint assets.

In this instance, the court approved the plaintiff's application in regards to the 50/50 settlement of the parties' joint assets, which included a shop, and proceeds (IDR 90 million) from renting the shop from 1 June 2009-1 June 2012.

The court ordered the plaintiff to pay costs (IDR 2,461,000).

The applicants were married on 23 August 2013 but had no children of their own. They applied to the court to be granted legal custody of Muhammad Daud bin Bukhari (DOB: 2 February 2002), whom they had cared for and raised since the age of 2.

In its decision, the court acknowledged that the applicants had already cared for and raised the child from an early age, and that they had given him his name. Using its vested power, pursuant to art 49 of Law No. 3 of 2006, as well as figure (20) of the elucidation therein, the court acknowledged that it was authorised to adjudicate applications for child adoption. Moreover, it cited surat Al-Ahzab, verses 4 and 5, in support of the adoption of children in need, but not at the expense of forgetting their own biological lineage. Pursuant to art 39(1) and (2) of Law No. 23 of 2002 on Child Protection, in conjunction with art 12(1)(a)-(d) and (2)(a), as well as art 13(a)-(i) and (l) of Government Regulation No. 54 of 2007 on the Implementation of Child Adoption, the court acceded to the applicants' request to be granted lawful custody of the child. Their application was also assented to by the child's biological mother (his biological father had already passed away).

The applicants were married on 18 October 2013 by Tgk. H. Hanafiah, the then village imam. The second applicant's younger brother had acted as her marriage guardian (wali nikah), and the dowry (mahar) was five grams of pure gold. Due to a family dispute at the time, the marriage could not be convened at the local Office of Religious Affairs (Kantor Urusan Agama). Accordingly, the applicants requested that the court ratify their marriage retrospectively. Both applicants were eligible for marriage, the second applicant having divorced her previous husband in Lhokseumawe Shari'a Court Decision No. 232 of 2012. The applicants submitted that, while they had already attended the Banda Sakti Office of Religious Affairs to request the issuance of a marriage certificate, the office was precluded from doing so as it could not locate any information relating to their marriage.

The court acceded to the applicants' request, acknowledging that while the parties did not have proof of their marriage in the form of a marriage certificate, they had already married. Moreover, the evidence provided by the witnesses in court did not conflict with the applicants' submissions. Therefore, the applicants' submissions, pursuant to art 7(3)(e) of Indonesian Presidential Instruction No. 1 of 1991 on the Compilation of Islamic Laws, had been established and were grounded in legal reasoning.

The parties were married on 29 January 2006 and had one child. The plaintiff submitted, however, that, since February 2010, the marriage had become quarrelsome. This was the result of the defendant having had an extra-marital affair, and subsequently having a child with the other woman.

Problems escalated in July 2014 with the plaintiff leaving the matrimonial home at the request of the defendant. Despite the plaintiff's efforts to reconcile with the defendant, even requesting the help of family, the plaintiff became convinced their differences were irreconcilable.

The defendant had been summonsed formally but failed to attend court. Due to the ongoing conflict between the parties, pursuant to art 39 of Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage, art 19(f) of Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975, and art 116(f) of the Compilation of Islamic Laws, the court granted the plaintiff an irrevocable divorce (talak satu bain shughra).

The Court upheld the decision of the lower court to grant the respondent an irrevocable divorce (talak satu bain sughra), only amending the wording of the lower court's verdict slightly.

The parties were married on 7 July 1996 in Ujung Padang. Due to work obligations, however, the parties lived in separate provinces. The applicant submitted that every time the respondent would visit him, the parties would quarrel because the respondent was too controlling. More specifically, the respondent would become displeased if the applicant had a guest visit him, would ignore the applicant's suggestions, advice or directions, and would become jealous of those close to the applicant, including the applicant's younger sibling. Furthermore, if the applicant visited the respondent, and the applicant's parents came to the respondent's home, the respondent's behaviour would often upset the applicant's mother. Problems escalated in September 1998 when the parties' second child was born and the respondent conducted the child's aqiqah (animal sacrifice) unbeknownst to the applicant.

The applicant's request was dismissed, however, as information from two witnesses produced by the respondent refuted several of the applicant's claims, and information from two witnesses produced by the applicant was, in the court's eyes, hearsay.

The parties were married on 23 December 2007 and had one child, born on 4 March 2008. They had lived with the respondent's parents for approximately three years. The applicant submitted, however, that, since September 2009, the parties' marriage had become quarrelsome because the respondent:

1. had never shown her appreciation for the applicant as the head of the household;
2. was not content with what she had, including the applicant's salary, which she found inadequate;
3. would often become jealous if the applicant returned home late; and
4. when angry, would use inappropriate language with the applicant.

As a result, the applicant had left the matrimonial home and returned to his family's home on 23 September 2009, where he had remained for the 11 months leading up to the proceeding.

The court, pursuant to art 19(f) of Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975, and art 116(f) of the Compilation of Islamic Laws, acknowledged that the parties' ongoing conflict constituted a sufficient reason to grant the applicant a revocable divorce (talak satu raj'i). Moreover, the court ordered the parties to abide by the terms of their post-marital agreement, which the court held to be binding at law. The agreement pertained to the matrimonial home, use of the proceeds if the home were to be sold, and child maintenance (calculated in accordance with the applicant's salary).

The parties were married on 21 February 2005 in Makassar and had two children. The plaintiff submitted that, since 2009, she and the defendant had quarrelled regularly because the defendant:

1. had been physically violent towards the plaintiff; and
2. would drink excessively and verbally abuse the plaintiff.

The plaintiff had returned to her parents' home in June 2010, where she had stayed for the three months leading up to the proceeding. After formal mediation failed to reconcile the parties, the court acknowledged that the parties' ongoing conflict, pursuant to art 19(f) of Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975, and art 116(f) of the Compilation of Islamic Laws, constituted a sufficient reason to grant the plaintiff an irrevocable divorce (talak ba'in shughra).

The parties were married on 5 November 2005 and had one child. The applicant submitted that, since 2006, he and the respondent had quarrelled regularly because the respondent:

1. did not want to join the applicant at the applicant's place of residence; and
2. often became angry/emotional and would mention divorce, as well as ordering the applicant to marry someone else.

The respondent had left the matrimonial home and returned to her parents' home on 11 August 2010, where she had remained for the four months leading up to the proceeding. During this time the parties had not communicated.

The respondent admitted to often being angry and mentioning divorce. She justified this, however, on the grounds that every time the parties were physically intimate the applicant would say he felt like the respondent was raping him. Accordingly, the respondent told the applicant that if he was not happy with the respondent, he should divorce her and remarry. The respondent also objected to the applicant's claim that the respondent had left the matrimonial home in August 2010, stating that she had left the matrimonial home then to spend Lebaran (Eid al-Fitr) with her parents in Bulukumba. Moreover, that the applicant even accompanied the respondent to Bulukumba and stayed for a week before returning to Makassar. The respondent further alleged that the applicant was yet to return to Bulukumba because he had already married another woman, and that the parties remained in contact via telephone because of their children.

Given the parties' evident ongoing conflict, the court, pursuant to art 39(2) of Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage, art 19(f) of Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975, and art 116(f) of the Compilation of Islamic Laws, granted the applicant a revocable divorce (talak satu raj'i). It also ordered the applicant, pursuant to arts 149 and 160 of the Compilation of Islamic Laws, to pay to the respondent IDR 300,000 per month in child maintenance, as well as IDR 1 million in mut'ah (divorce compensation) and IDR 1 million in iddah (three-month period after divorce has been granted).

The parties were married on 8 December 2010. The plaintiff submitted that, after one year and four months of marriage, in August 2010, the marriage had deteriorated because:

1. the defendant had had an extra-marital affair with another woman;
2. the defendant would often drink excessively; and
3. the defendant was often physically violent towards the plaintiff.

The defendant had left the matrimonial home for his girlfriend's home, where he had remained since 10 August 2010 for the four months leading up to the proceeding. Throughout those four months the defendant had neglected his responsibilities to the plaintiff and never once provided her with any form of support.

Despite there still being some communication between the parties, the plaintiff felt it untenable to reunite with the defendant. Given the parties' evident ongoing conflict, the court, pursuant to art 19(f) of Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975, and art 116(f) of the Compilation of Islamic Laws, granted the plaintiff an irrevocable divorce (talak satu bain sughra). It also ordered, pursuant to art 45 of Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage, and art 105(c) of the Compilation of Islamic Laws, the defendant to pay to the plaintiff IDR 1 million in child maintenance per month until the child was self-sufficient.

The parties were married on 1 September 2001. They had three children, one of whom was in the custoday of the respondent, and two of whom were in the custody of the appellant. The applicant submitted that, since August 2010, he and the respondent had quarrelled regularly because:

1. the respondent would often become angry for no apparent reason and utter profanities the applicant deemed inappropriate, as well as often demanding a divorce; and
2. the respondent did not appreciate the applicant as her husband.

Consequently, the applicant left the matrimonial home in August 2010 and had not returned for the four months leading up to the proceeding, during which time the parties did not communicate.

Despite being summonsed formally, the respondent failed to attend the proceeding. Regardless, given the parties' evident ongoing conflict, the court, pursuant to art 19(f) of Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975, and art 116(f) of the Compilation of Islamic Laws, granted the applicant a revocable divorce (talak satu raj'i).

The parties were married on 7 August 2003 and had no children. In January 2004, however, the defendant left the matrimonial home for no apparent reason and without saying anything. For the next seven years the defendant never returned or provided the plaintiff with any financial support. The plaintiff emphasised in court that the defendant's conduct over the past seven years meant any hope of reconciliation was untenable.

Despite the defendant's absence from court, the court, pursuant to art 39(2) of Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage, and art 116(g) of the Compilation of Islamic Laws, granted the applicant an irrevocable divorce for a fee (talak satu khul'i) on the grounds that the defendant had contravened his marriage vows (janji ta'lik talak).

The parties were married on 15 May 2005 and had two children. After marrying, the parties lived in Makassar for approximately five months, before moving to Sengkang for approximately two years, after which the plaintiff returned to Makassar. The defendant had remained in Sengkang managing his business up until the time of the proceeding. The plaintiff submitted that, after approximately three years of marriage, her relationship with the defendant had deteriorated. This was a result of:

1. when quarrelling, the defendant would threaten her with divorce;
2. the defendant would often become angry and use profane language that the plaintiff deemed inappropriate;
3. the defendant was often jealous; and
4. since December 2010, the defendant had not provided the plaintiff with any emotional or financial support.

Consequently, the parties had lived separately for the past three years, and rarely communicated.

Despite being summonsed formally, the defendant failed to attend the proceeding. Regardless, the court, pursuant to art 19(f) of Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975, and art 119(f) of the Compilation of Islamic Laws, granted the plaintiff an irrevocable divorce (talak satu ba'in sughra) on the grounds of ongoing conflict.

The parties were married on 11 June 2006 and had one child. The applicant submitted that the marriage was initially harmonious. Since 2009, however, it had become quarrelsome because of the respondent's frequent and unwarranted jealously and threats to divorce the applicant. In February 2011, the applicant left the matrimonial home, taking with him his clothes and possessions. He had remained separated from the respondent for the two months leading up to the proceeding.

In her counterclaim, the respondent submitted that the applicant had never provided her with suitable financial support, and that she was always too afraid to ask him. Moreover, since February 2011, the applicant had not provided her with basic financial support, which she calculated to be IDR 2 million per month over five months (IDR 10 million). Pursuant to arts 152, 158, and 156 of the Compilation of Islamic Laws respectively, the respondent claimed she was entitled to IDR 6 million for iddah (three-month period after divorce has been granted), IDR 50 million in mut'ah (divorce compensation), as well as child maintenance payments (IDR 2 million per month) until the parties' child reached 21 years of age.

Due to the parties' ongoing conflict, pursuant to art 19(f) of Goverment Regulation No. 9 of 1975, as well as art 116(f) of the Compilation of Islamic Laws, the court granted the applicant a revocable divorce (talak satu raj'i). In regards to the respondent's counterclaim, the court ordered the applicant to pay to the respondent:

1. IDR 5 million in financial support for five months;
2. IDR 3 million for iddah;
3. IDR 4 million for mut'ah; and
4. IDR 1 million per month in child maintenance until the child reaches 21 years of age.

The parties were married on 15 March 2008 and had two children. Initially, the marriage had been harmonious. The plaintiff submitted, however, that, since January 2011, it had become quarrelsome because the defendant:

1. had a gambling addiction and would return home in the middle of the night;
2. had confessed to the plaintiff that he had had extra-marital affairs with other women; and
3. rarely provided for the plaintiff and their children.

In January 2011, the plaintiff left the matrimonial home and returned to her parents' home, remaining there for the time leading up to the proceeding. During this time the parties rarely communicated, leading the plaintiff to file for divorce.

The defendant conceded that the majority of the plaintiff's submissions were true. He qualified, however, that he had had an extra-marital affair upon becoming very emotional seeing the plaintiff being picked up by another man driving an Avanza. The plaintiff acknowledged this but stated the other man was only a friend.

The court, pursuant to s 19(f) of Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975, and s 116(f) of the Compilation of Islamic Laws, acknowledged that the parties' ongoing conflict constituted a sufficient reason to grant the plaintiff an irrevocable divorce (talak satu bain sughra) and, accordingly, acceded to the plaintiff's application.

The parties were married on 8 December 2010 and had three children. The plaintiff submitted that she and the defendant had lived happily together for 10 years and one month, although their marriage had been volatile at times. In June 2010, the parties had begun to quarrel often, primarily because the defendant had had an extra-marital affair, which the plaintiff had learned out about from Facebook and the defendant himself.

The plaintiff left the matrimonial home in July 2010 and had not returned in the five months leading up to the proceeding. Throughout that five months the parties had not been physically intimate, however, the defendant had provided the plaintiff with some financial support. The parties had also maintained some form of communication.

While being counselled by the court, the plaintiff expressed a desire to reconcile with the defendant and withdrew her application. The court acceded to the plaintiff's decision.

The parties were married on 29 May 1994. The plaintiff submitted, however, that, since May 2008, the parties' marriage had been disharmonious, primarily because the defendant had had an extra-martial affair. The plaintiff also submitted that the defendant deliberately had another woman collect him from their home, where the plaintiff and the parties' children were, and take him to the airport for a flight to Israel. When the defendant returned from Israel on 31 May 2008, rather than returning home, the defendant went to the other woman's home. The defendant returned to the plaintiff's home on 2 June 2008. Problems escalated on 4 June 2008 when the defendant requested the plaintiff's permission to marry the other woman, since which time he had also failed to execute his duties as a husband or head of the household. The plaintiff submitted that she did not believe the defendant's temperament would have a positive influence on their children.

The defendant refuted these submissions, claiming that the cause of disharmony originated in 2004 when the defendant discovered that the plaintiff was still in contact with her ex-boyfriend. Moreover, that the woman with whom he was accused of having an extra-marital affair was merely a colleague, and that the two had never conducted themselves in an inappropriate manner. In December 2009, the defendant claimed that the plaintiff had told their children she had a new boyfriend and that she would introduce him to the children, before divorcing the defendant and taking the children to Jakarta to be with her new boyfriend. Furthermore, on 9 March 2010, the plaintiff left for Bali saying she had a business meeting there for one day. While in Bali she switched her mobile phone off and never provided the defendant or their children with any information as to her well-being or whereabouts. The defendant also claimed that on 14 March 2010, the plaintiff surreptitiously left for Bali again, where a friend of the defendant's saw her and her boyfriend in a hotel room. The plaintiff returned four days later, again having provided the defendant with no information as to her well-being or whereabouts. Since returning from Bali, the defendant claimed the plaintiff did not want her to touch him anymore, while admitting she had been involved with her boyfriend while in Bali. She had not even returned to the matrimonial home since then, leaving the defendant to take care of their children. The defendant told the court that the plaintiff had even changed her Facebook account status in March 2010 to 'not married'.

The court, pursuant to art 19(f) of Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975, and art 116(f) of the Compilation of Islamic Laws, acknowledged that the parties' ongoing conflict constituted a sufficient reason to grant the applicant an irrevocable divorce (talak ba'in sughra). It declined, however, to rule on the custody of the two children.

The applicant's parents and two of the applicant's siblings had already passed away. Another of the applicant's siblings was a retired primary school teacher who had some financial savings, but whose failing health had meant she had been placed in hospital care, as well as that of the applicant. As her primary caregiver, the applicant sought to acquire power of attorney over her ailing sibling's financial affairs.

The court, pursuant to art 51(2) of Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage, and art 107 of the Compilation of Islamic Laws, found that the applicant was fit and proper to become guardian of her ailing sibling. Accordingly, it granted the applicant the necessary power of attorney.