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The Plaintiffs, three Muslim individuals (Hamid Raza, Mohammad Elshinawy, Asad Dandia), two mosques (Masjid Al-Ansar, Masjid at-Taqwa), and a non-profit Muslim organization (Muslims Giving Back), alleged that the NYPD violated their First and Fourteenth Amendment rights through unlawful, "suspicionless" surveillance and sought an injunction to prevent further surveillance. The Plaintiffs sought to prove discriminatory intent in one or two of the ways identified in Brown: (1) an express classification theory—by showing that "the NYPD expressly classified Muslims by adopting a policy of singling them out for heightened policy scrutiny"; or (2) a discriminatory application theory—"to the extent that Respondents claim they had a legitimate law enforcement interest in  Plaintiffs, . . . by showing that [Plaintiffs] were subject to NYPD investigations of unequal and unwarranted scope, duration, and invasiveness as a result of their religious beliefs and activities." Brown v. City of Oneonta, 221 F.3d 329, 337 (2d Cir. 1999). The Respondent, the City of New York, filed for bifurcated discovery, and the Plaintiffs responded with a move for a preliminary injunction and for expedited discovery. The Respondent argued that the Plaintiffs failed to meet the necessary standard for justifying expedited discovery. The District Court granted the expedited motion in part, but set up a two-stage schedule for discovery.

This regional regulation makes provision for the surveillance and control of the distribution and consumption of alcoholic beverages. The regulation requires all businesses that produce, store, distribute and/or sell alcoholic beverages, to hold a permit. The regulation reasons that such conduct, if left unregulated, can disrupt public order and contravene religious norms, morality, courtesy, and legal norms.

This regional regulation is an example of a legislative instrument that, arguably, Islamises public life in Indonesia, but makes no specific reference to Islam or religion (agama). It prohibits all persons and entities from producing, packaging, and distributing alcoholic beverages, unless permission has first been obtained from the Tebo Regent (art 2(1)). The regulation also prohibits alcohol points of sale from being within a 500m radius of places of worship, schools, hospitals, residential areas, and office blocks (art 4(2)). It also specifies that alcohol may only be consumed in licensed establishments (art 5).

This regional regulation is an example of a regulation that, arguably, Islamises public life without making specific reference to Islam or religion (agama). It regulates the sale of alchohol, prohibiting its sale in all places but 3-, 4-, and 5-star hotels, certified restaurants, and pubs and nightclubs (art 5(1)). It prohibits the sale of alcohol near places of worship, schools, hospitals, and residential areas (art 5(2)(b)).

The regulation also prohibits the consumption of alcohol in:

1. busy public spaces, such as a parties;
2. open places visible to the public;
3. places of worship; and
4. formal and non-formal education institutes (art 6).

This presidential decree states that alcoholic beverages may only be sold with a permit issued by the Minister of Industry and Trade. With this in mind, surveillance of the production of alcoholic beverages is to be conducted at the Gubernatorial/Regional Head Level I-level, pursuant to guidelines stipulated by the Minister of Industry and Trade.

This regional regulation makes provision for the control and surveillance of alcoholic beverages in Central Lampung (Lampung Tengah), Lampung. It states, in its preambular statement, that misuse of alcohol is, among other things, contrary to religious and moral norms. The regulation prohibits the production, distribution, sale, stockpiling, carrying, making available, and serving of alcoholic beverages (art 3(1) and (2)). It also prohibits the consumption of alcohol, and being intoxicated, in a public place (art 3(3)). The regulation makes exceptions, however, for:

1. a person or legal entity with a permit;
2. herbal medicine traders;
3. 3-, 4-, and 5-star hotels, certified restaurants, bars, pubs, nightclubs and discotheques, and alcohol consumed at its point of sale; and
4. those using alcohol for the purposes of religious ceremonies (art 4).

Contravention of art 3 can result in a maximum prison sentence of six months, or a maximum monetary penalty of IDR 50 million. Contravention of art 4 can result in a maximum prison sentence of three months, or a maximum monetary penalty of IDR 50 million.

This regional regulation makes provision for the regulation of the sale, distribution and consumption of alcoholic beverages in Kolaka, Southeast Sulawesi (Sulawesi Tenggara). It prohibits the sale of alcoholic beverages near, among other places, places of worship (art 13(2)).

This regional regulation prohibits all persons and entities from selling alcoholic beverages with an alcohol content of more than five per cent. It makes an exception, however, for three-, four-, and five-star hotels, discotheques, bars, karaoke venues, restaurants, and cafes (art 7). It is also only these venues that may sell beverages with an alcohol content between 20 and 55 per cent (art 8). The regulation also states that, during the month of Ramadhan, alcoholic beverages may not be sold, except in hotels in the evening (art 9(2)). Alcohol retailers may also not sell alcoholic beverages, and alcohol may not be consumed, near places of worship, schools, offices, hospitals, sporting venues, bus terminals, and residential areas (arts 13 and 18).

This regional regulation categorises alcoholic beverages according to their alcohol content. It makes provision for the control of alcoholic beverages, requiring businesses to hold a permit before selling alcoholic beverages. At art 8(5) it states that, for those religions that prohibit their adherents to consume alcohol, alcohol consumption is prohibited, except for medicinal purposes.

This regional regulation is an example of a legislative instrument that, arguably, Islamises public life without specifically referring to Islam or religion (agama). It prohibits the distribution and/or sale of alcoholic beverages in public places in Muaro Jambi, Jambi (art 2(1)). Hotels, bars, and restaurants stipulated by the regent are exempted from the prohibition (art 2(2)). It also prohibits alcohol points of sale from being within a 500m radius of places of worship, schools, hospitals, residential areas, and office blocks (art 3).

Article 19 of this regional regulation prohibits the sale of alcohol on days considered holy by a religious community (umat).

In its preambular statement, this regional regulation states that surveillance, controlled circulation, and sale of alcoholic beverages protects people's physical and mental health, public order, touristic purposes, customs and traditions, and religion. Accordingly, this regulation stipulates certain requirements for the circulation and sale of alcoholic beverages, including labelling, licensing, and categorisation of alcoholic beverages.

In its preambular statement, this regional regulation states the production, sale, and use of alcoholic beverages is contrary to religious norms, the impact of which results in the contravention of morality, and disturbs public life order. Accordingly, it prohibits people and legal entities from selling alcohol before obtaining a permit from the regional head (art 2(1)). Contravention of art 2(1) carries a maximum penalty of six months' imprisonment or a fine of IDR 5 million (art 19(1)).

In its preambular statement, this regional regulation states that all religious teachings affirm that alcoholic beverages are not fit for consumption. As the distribution of alcoholic beverages in society is monitored, however, the regulation states that they need to be regulated, controlled, and monitored stringently. Therefore, it permits the licensed sale and storage of alcoholic beverages.

This regional regulation is an example of a regulation that, arguably, Islamises public life without making specific reference to Islam or religion (agama). Pursuant to arts 2 and 3, all persons and entities are prohibited from distributing alcoholic beverages in Jeneponto regency, while all persons are similarly prohibited from consuming alcoholic beverages, except in hotels and places already exempted by the regent. Pursuant to art 4, foreign visitors on personal or government business are also exempted from this prohibition. The regulation specifies that those hotels or places exempted from the prohibition on alcohol must be 2000 metres from residential areas, places of worship, schools, offices, and other places frequented by the public (art 8). Contravention of this regulation carries a maximum penalty of one month imprisonment and/or a fine of IDR 5 million (art 22(1)).

In preambular statement (a), this regional regulation states that alcoholic beverages can endanger physical and mental health, threaten the lives of the future generations of the nation, disturb security, peace and public order, and become a driving factor in the occurrence of acts of violence and criminality, as well as other undesirable conduct that is contrary to the philosophy of Gorontalo province: 'Adat bersendikan Syara, Syara bersendikan Kitabullah' ('custom found upon Islamic law, Islamic law found upon the Qur'an').

While the regulation does not place a blanket prohibition on alcohol, it does prohibit the importation, distribution, and sale of alcoholic beverages with an ethanol content exceeding 55 per cent (art 12(1)), and prohibits all persons from bringing alcoholic beverages into Gorontalo province from overseas (art 13(1)). It also prohibits the sale of alcohol in a variety of places, including near places of worship, schools, residential areas, and hospitals (art 14(1)), as well as its consumption in public (art 15).

This ministerial instruction regulates the prohibition on, surveillance, controlled circulation, and points of sale of alcoholic beverages. It also makes provision for the formation of surveillance teams at regional levels I and II.

This regional regulation is an example of a regulation that, arguably, Islamises public life without making specific reference to Islam or religion (agama). It states that its purpose is to prevent the production, distribution, storage, sale, and consumption of alcoholic beverages in Sinjai regency because of the negative impact alcohol has on the health of the populace, the criminality and other social ills it encourages, the damage it causes to people's morals, the reduction in economic productivity for which it is responsible, and the social vulnerability, and harm to societal order and security to which it gives rise (art 2(1)). Accordingly, all persons and entities are prohibited from producing, distributing, placing, channelling, and selling (importing, retailing) alcoholic beverages in Sinjai regency (art 3(1)).

This regional regulation makes amendments to arts 3 and 13 of Palu Municipal Regulation No. 10 of 2004 on the Regulation, Control and Surveilled Distribution and Sale of Alcoholic Beverages.

This regional regulation makes amendments to Tolitoli Regency Regulation No. 9 of 2003 on the Prohibition, Surveillance, Policing, Distribution and Sale of Alcoholic Beverages in Tolitoli Regency.