SHARIAsource

This is a reference to some well-known formulas used in various religious sources of the early period of Islam (e.g., "I said, he said"). Hossein Modarressi employs this reference as an example of the use of reports that contain external evidence such as widespread language and style of legal discourse. 

This source is part of the Online Companion to Hossein Modarressi, Text and Interpretation: Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and His Legacy in Islamic Law (Harvard University Press, 2022).

This is a reference to some well-known formulas used in various religious sources of the early period of Islam (e.g., "I said, he said"). Hossein Modarressi employs this reference as an example of the use of reports that contain external evidence such as widespread language and style of legal discourse. 

This source is part of the Online Companion to Hossein Modarressi, Text and Interpretation: Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and His Legacy in Islamic Law (Harvard University Press, 2022).

This is a reference to the high standing status of Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq's father Muḥammad al-Bāqir (57-114 AH) among his followers especially in Iraq. Hossein Modarressi employs this reference to argue that al-Bāqir was considered the spiritual leader of the pro-ʿAlid communities of Iraq in the late first and early second centuries of Islam.

This source is part of the Online Companion to Hossein Modarressi, Text and Interpretation: Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and His Legacy in Islamic Law (Harvard University Press, 2022).

This is a reference to the high standing status of Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq's father Muḥammad al-Bāqir (57-114 AH) among his followers especially in Iraq. Hossein Modarressi employs this reference to argue that al-Bāqir was considered the spiritual leader of the pro-ʿAlid communities of Iraq in the late first and early second centuries of Islam.

This source is part of the Online Companion to Hossein Modarressi, Text and Interpretation: Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and His Legacy in Islamic Law (Harvard University Press, 2022).

This is a reference to the location of Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq's house in Medina, which can be found in the oldest partially-surviving account of the city by Ibn Shabba (d. 262 AH). Al-Ṣādiq's house was located southeast of the Prophet's mosque next to the house of the prominent Companion Abū Ayyūb al-Anṣārī (d. 52 AH).

This source is part of the Online Companion to Hossein Modarressi, Text and Interpretation: Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and His Legacy in Islamic Law (Harvard University Press, 2022).

This is a reference to Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq's knowledge of the various types of dates and his overall preference for the dates of the Ḥijāz versus those of Iraq. Hossein Modarressi cites this reference in his discussion of some of the features of al-Ṣādiq's personal life.

This source is part of the Online Companion to Hossein Modarressi, Text and Interpretation: Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and His Legacy in Islamic Law (Harvard University Press, 2022).

This is a reference to Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq's avoidance of participating in any political activities during the anti-Umayyad revolution of his time, despite the expectations of some of his followers and admirers that he would provide leadership. Hossein Modarressi cites this reference in his discussion of some of the features of al-Ṣādiq's political stance.

This source is part of the Online Companion to Hossein Modarressi, Text and Interpretation: Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and His Legacy in Islamic Law (Harvard University Press, 2022).

This is a reference to the extent to which fabricators went to portray the Shīʿī Imams quoting the Sunna of the Prophet from some of his Family's archenemies. Hossein Modarressi cites this reference in his discussion of some of the features of al-Ṣādiq's views on ḥadīth fabrication.

This source is part of the Online Companion to Hossein Modarressi, Text and Interpretation: Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and His Legacy in Islamic Law (Harvard University Press, 2022).

This is a reference to Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq attending the Friday prayer with other Muslims, in contrast to some Muslims who did not pray with anyone who did not share their doctrinal tendencies. Hossein Modarressi cites this reference in his discussion of some of the features of al-Ṣādiq's rejection of sectarianism.

This source is part of the Online Companion to Hossein Modarressi, Text and Interpretation: Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and His Legacy in Islamic Law (Harvard University Press, 2022).

This is a reference to Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr's estimation that twelve thousand false ḥadīths were fabricated and circulated among the people. Hossein Modarressi cites this reference in his discussion of some of the features of al-Ṣādiq's views on ḥadīth fabrication.

This source is part of the Online Companion to Hossein Modarressi, Text and Interpretation: Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and His Legacy in Islamic Law (Harvard University Press, 2022).

This is a reference to Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq's manner of being well-dressed in public as a form of moderation and in keeping with the social customs of his time. Hossein Modarressi cites this reference in his discussion of some of the features of al-Ṣādiq's views on religious ethics.

This source is part of the Online Companion to Hossein Modarressi, Text and Interpretation: Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and His Legacy in Islamic Law (Harvard University Press, 2022).

This is a reference to Ṣaḥīfat al-farāʾiḍ, a text on the designated shares of inheritance recorded by ʿAlī from the statements of the Prophet, which Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq possessed and showed to his disciples. Hossein Modarressi cites this reference to argue that ʿAlī was "the father" of the legal legacy of the Family of the Prophet and that the Prophet's teachings were passed down through the family from one generation to the next.

This source is part of the Online Companion to Hossein Modarressi, Text and Interpretation: Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and His Legacy in Islamic Law (Harvard University Press, 2022).

This is a reference to Kitāb ʿAlī, an early book that contained material transmitted by ʿAlī from the Prophet, which Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq possessed and showed to his disciple Zurāra. Hossein Modarressi cites this reference to argue that ʿAlī was "the father" of the legal legacy of the Family of the Prophet and that the Prophet's teachings were passed down through the family from one generation to the next.

This source is part of the Online Companion to Hossein Modarressi, Text and Interpretation: Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and His Legacy in Islamic Law (Harvard University Press, 2022).

This is a reference to the legal legacy of the Family of the Prophet being informed primarily by the teachings and practice of ʿAlī, his sons Ḥasan and Ḥusayn, ʿAlī Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn, Muḥammad al-Bāqir, and Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq. Hossein Modarressi argues that it was with al-Bāqir that this legacy assumed formal shape as a systematic and well-organized tradition.

This source is part of the Online Companion to Hossein Modarressi, Text and Interpretation: Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and His Legacy in Islamic Law (Harvard University Press, 2022).

This is a reference to al-Shāfiʿī's report indicating that the Prophet advised his followers to compare the statements attributed to him to the Qurʾān and to accept those that conform to the Qurʾān and reject those that do not. Hossein Modarressi cites this reference to show that the understanding among many early Muslims was that the Qurʾān was the criterion for testing the validity of all other sources.

This source is part of the Online Companion to Hossein Modarressi, Text and Interpretation: Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and His Legacy in Islamic Law (Harvard University Press, 2022).

This is a reference to ʿAlī's refusal to adopt the practice of anyone beside the Prophet, including the caliphs who preceded him when he was offered the caliphate after the death of ʿUmar. Hossein Modarressi cites this reference to argue that ʿAlī understood the Sunna to be restricted to the Prophet's actions, decisions, and endorsements.

This source is part of the Online Companion to Hossein Modarressi, Text and Interpretation: Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and His Legacy in Islamic Law (Harvard University Press, 2022).

This is a reference to Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq's position on recognizing the validity of the rules of other religions, such as marriage among the Magians, for example. Hossein Modarressi cites this reference as an example of one of the legal presumptions of al-Ṣādiq's legal school: the rule of recognition.

This source is part of the Online Companion to Hossein Modarressi, Text and Interpretation: Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and His Legacy in Islamic Law (Harvard University Press, 2022).

This is a reference to a collection of multiple reports in connection with mutʿa marriage. Hossein Modarressi cites this source to argue that Sunnī scholars disagreed over whether and when mutʿa was abrogated by the Prophet or, as was commonly believed, proscribed by ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb.

This source is part of the Online Companion to Hossein Modarressi, Text and Interpretation: Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and His Legacy in Islamic Law (Harvard University Press, 2022).

This is a reference to a report in Muslim's Ṣaḥīḥ collection indicating that mutʿa remained in effect during the lifetime of the Prophet and Abū Bakr. Hossein Modarressi cites this reference to show the complexity of discussions surrounding the meaning and lawfulness of mutʿa in early Islamic discourse.

This source is part of the Online Companion to Hossein Modarressi, Text and Interpretation: Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and His Legacy in Islamic Law (Harvard University Press, 2022).

This is a reference to Sunnī views on the legal status of homicide in situations of "precautionary secrecy" (taqiyya). Hossein Modarressi cites this source to show the various legal arguments and views pertaining to taqiyya, which is often misunderstood and additionally considered a sectarian issue.

This source is part of the Online Companion to Hossein Modarressi, Text and Interpretation: Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and His Legacy in Islamic Law (Harvard University Press, 2022).