The U.S. accused a group of defendants of financial dealings with terrorists, on the basis that they had entered into Islamic financial agreements—specifically a profit-sharing arrangement known as a mudaraba contract—with a known leader of Hamas, a relative of one of the members of the defendant group. The U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas found them guilty. On appeal, this Court held that there was enough evidence to suggest that the defendants knew that their relative was a designated terrorist but continued to do business with him. The Court thus upheld the District Court’s guilty verdict.